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Network Working Group Request for Comments: 2619 Category: Standards Track |
G. Zorn B. Aboba Microsoft June 1999 |
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright © The Internet Society (1999). All Rights Reserved.
This memo defines a set of extensions which instrument RADIUS authentication server functions. These extensions represent a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. Using these extensions IP-based management stations can manage RADIUS authentication servers.
This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB) for use with network management protocols in the Internet community. In particular, it describes managed objects used for managing RADIUS authentication servers.
RADIUS authentication servers are today widely deployed by dialup Internet Service Providers, in order to provide authentication services. As a result, the effective management of RADIUS authentication servers is of considerable importance.
The SNMP Management Framework presently consists of five major components:
Managed objects are accessed via a virtual information store, termed the Management Information Base or MIB. Objects in the MIB are defined using the mechanisms defined in the SMI.
This memo specifies a MIB module that is compliant to the SMIv2. A MIB conforming to the SMIv1 can be produced through the appropriate translations. The resulting translated MIB must be semantically equivalent, except where objects or events are omitted because no translation is possible (use of Counter64). Some machine readable information in SMIv2 will be converted into textual descriptions in SMIv1 during the translation process. However, this loss of machine readable information is not considered to change the semantics of the MIB.
The RADIUS authentication protocol, described in [16], distinguishes between the client function and the server function. In RADIUS authentication, clients send Access-Requests, and servers reply with Access-Accepts, Access-Rejects, and Access-Challenges. Typically NAS devices implement the client function, and thus would be expected to implement the RADIUS authentication client MIB, while RADIUS authentication servers implement the server function, and thus would be expected to implement the RADIUS authentication server MIB.
However, it is possible for a RADIUS authentication entity to perform both client and server functions. For example, a RADIUS proxy may act as a server to one or more RADIUS authentication clients, while simultaneously acting as an authentication client to one or more authentication servers. In such situations, it is expected that RADIUS entities combining client and server functionality will support both the client and server MIBs.
This MIB module contains fourteen scalars as well as a single table:
(1) the RADIUS Authentication Client Table contains one row for each RADIUS authentication client that the server shares a secret with.
Each entry in the RADIUS Authentication Client Table includes twelve
columns presenting a view of the activity of the RADIUS
authentication server.
IpAddress, TimeTicks, mib-2 FROM SNMPv2-SMI
SnmpAdminString FROM SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB
MODULE-COMPLIANCE, OBJECT-GROUP FROM SNMPv2-CONF;
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
US
Phone: +1 425 936 6605
EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com"
DESCRIPTION
"The MIB module for entities implementing the server
side of the Remote Access Dialin User Service (RADIUS)
authentication protocol."
REVISION "9906110000Z" -- 11 Jun 1999
DESCRIPTION "Initial version as published in RFC 2619"
::= { radiusAuthentication 1 }
::= { mib-2 67 }
{ radiusAuthServMIB 1 }
SYNTAX SnmpAdminString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The implementation identification string for the
RADIUS authentication server software in use on the
system, for example; `FNS-2.1'"
::= {radiusAuthServ 1}
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"If the server has a persistent state (e.g., a process),
this value will be the time elapsed (in hundredths of a
seco) since the server process was started.
For software without persistent state, this value will
be zero."
::= {radiusAuthServ 2}
SYNTAX TimeTicks
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"If the server has a persistent state (e.g., a process)
and supports a `reset' operation (e.g., can be told to
re-read configuration files), this value will be the
time elapsed (in hundredths of a second) since the
server was `reset.' For software that does not
have persistence or does not support a `reset' operation,
this value will be zero."
::= {radiusAuthServ 3}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"Status/action object to reinitialize any persistent
server state. When set to reset(2), any persistent
server state (such as a process) is reinitialized as if
the server had just been started. This value will
never be returned by a read operation. When read, one of
the following values will be returned:
other(1) - server in some unknown state;
initializing(3) - server (re)initializing;
running(4) - server currently running."
::= {radiusAuthServ 4}
-- New Stats proposed by Dale E. Reed Jr (daler@iea-software.com)
::= { radiusAuthServ 5}
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Access-Request packets
received from unknown addresses."
::= { radiusAuthServ 6 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 7 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 8 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 9 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 10 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 11 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 12 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 13 }
::= { radiusAuthServ 14 }
-- End of new
SYNTAX SEQUENCE OF RadiusAuthClientEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The (conceptual) table listing the RADIUS authentication
clients with which the server shares a secret."
::= { radiusAuthServ 15 }
SYNTAX RadiusAuthClientEntry
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"An entry (conceptual row) representing a RADIUS
authentication client with which the server shares a
secret."
INDEX { radiusAuthClientIndex }
::= { radiusAuthClientTable 1 }
radiusAuthClientIndex Integer32,
radiusAuthClientAddress IpAddress,
radiusAuthClientID SnmpAdminString,
radiusAuthServAccessRequests Counter32,
radiusAuthServDupAccessRequests Counter32,
radiusAuthServAccessAccepts Counter32,
radiusAuthServAccessRejects Counter32,
radiusAuthServAccessChallenges Counter32,
radiusAuthServMalformedAccessRequests Counter32,
radiusAuthServBadAuthenticators Counter32,
radiusAuthServPacketsDropped Counter32,
radiusAuthServUnknownTypes Counter32
}
SYNTAX Integer32 (1..2147483647)
MAX-ACCESS not-accessible
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"A number uniquely identifying each RADIUS
authentication client with which this server
communicates."
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 1 }
SYNTAX IpAddress
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The NAS-IP-Address of the RADIUS authentication client
referred to in this table entry."
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 2 }
SYNTAX SnmpAdminString
MAX-ACCESS read-only
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The NAS-Identifier of the RADIUS authentication client
referred to in this table entry. This is not necessarily
the same as sysName in MIB II."
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 3 }
-- Server Counters
-- -- Responses = AccessAccepts + AccessRejects + AccessChallenges
--
-- Requests - DupRequests - BadAuthenticators - MalformedRequests - -- UnknownTypes - PacketsDropped - Responses = Pending
--
-- Requests - DupRequests - BadAuthenticators - MalformedRequests - -- UnknownTypes - PacketsDropped = entries logged
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 4 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 5 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 6 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 7 }
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The number of RADIUS Access-Challenge packets
sent to this client."
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 8 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 9 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 10 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 11 }
::= { radiusAuthClientEntry 12 }
-- conformance information
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAuthServMIB 2 }
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAuthServMIBConformance 1 }
OBJECT IDENTIFIER ::= { radiusAuthServMIBConformance 2 }
-- compliance statements
OBJECT radiusAuthServConfigReset
WRITE-SYNTAX INTEGER { reset(2) }
DESCRIPTION "The only SETable value is 'reset' (2)."
::= { radiusAuthServMIBCompliances 1 }
-- units of conformance
radiusAuthServAccessRejects,
radiusAuthServAccessChallenges,
radiusAuthServMalformedAccessRequests,
radiusAuthServBadAuthenticators,
radiusAuthServPacketsDropped,
radiusAuthServUnknownTypes
}
STATUS current
DESCRIPTION
"The collection of objects providing management of
a RADIUS Authentication Server."
::= { radiusAuthServMIBGroups 1 }
[1] Harrington, D., Presuhn, R., and B. Wijnen, "An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks", RFC 2571, April 1999.
[2] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets", STD 16, RFC 1155, May 1990.
[3] Rose, M., and K. McCloghrie, "Concise MIB Definitions", STD 16, RFC 1212, March 1991.
[4] Rose, M., "A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP", RFC 1215, March 1991.
[5] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2)", STD 58, RFC 2578, April 1999.
[6] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Textual Conventions for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2579, April 1999.
[7] McCloghrie, K., Perkins, D., Schoenwaelder, J., Case, J., Rose, M. and S. Waldbusser, "Conformance Statements for SMIv2", STD 58, RFC 2580, April 1999.
[8] Case, J., Fedor, M., Schoffstall, M., and J. Davin, "Simple Network Management Protocol", STD 15, RFC 1157, May 1990.
[9] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2", RFC 1901, January 1996.
[10] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1906, January 1996.
[11] Case, J., Harrington D., Presuhn R., and B. Wijnen, "Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2572, April 1999.
[12] Blumenthal, U., and B. Wijnen, "User-based Security Model for Version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3)", RFC 2574, April 1999.
[13] Case, J., McCloghrie, K., Rose, M., and S. Waldbusser, "Protocol Operations for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2)", RFC 1905, January 1996.
[14] Levi, D., Meyer, P., and B. Stewart, "SNMP Applications", RFC 2573, April 1999.
[15] Wijnen, B., Presuhn, R., and K. McCloghrie, "View-based Access Control Model for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)", RFC 2575, April 1999.
[16] Rigney, C., Rubens, A., Simpson W. and S. Willens, "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)", RFC 2138, April 1997.
There are a number of management objects defined in this MIB that have a MAX-ACCESS clause of read-write and/or read-create. Such objects may be considered sensitive or vulnerable in some network environments. The support for SET operations in a non-secure environment without proper protection can have a negative effect on network operations.
There are a number of managed objects in this MIB that may contain sensitive information. These are:
radiusAuthClientAddress
This can be used to determine the address of the RADIUS
authentication client with which the server is
communicating. This information could be useful in
impersonating the client.
radiusAuthClientID This can be used to determine the client ID of the
authentication client with which the server is
communicating. This information could be useful in
impersonating the client.
It is thus important to control even GET access to these objects and possibly to even encrypt the values of these object when sending them over the network via SNMP. Not all versions of SNMP provide features for such a secure environment.
SNMPv1 by itself is not a secure environment. Even if the network itself is secure (for example by using IPSec), there is no control as to who on the secure network is allowed to access and GET/SET (read/change/create/delete) the objects in this MIB.
It is recommended that the implementers consider the security features as provided by the SNMPv3 framework. Specifically, the use of the User-based Security Model RFC 2574 [12] and the View-based Access Control Model RFC 2575 [15] is recommended. Using these security features, customer/users can give access to the objects only to those principals (users) that have legitimate rights to GET or SET (change/create/delete) them.
The authors acknowledge the contributions of the RADIUS Working Group in the development of this MIB. Thanks to Narendra Gidwani of Microsoft, Allan C. Rubens of MERIT, Carl Rigney of Livingston and Peter Heitman of American Internet Corporation for useful discussions of this problem space.
Bernard Aboba
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: 425-936-6605
EMail: bernarda@microsoft.com
Glen Zorn
Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052
Phone: 425-703-1559
EMail: glennz@microsoft.com
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